Gout: A Growing Concern in Malaysia

Gout, a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the blood, leads to the formation of sharp crystals in joints, triggering intense pain. The main signs of a gout attack include sudden joint pain and swelling without injury, especially in the big toe, often at night or early in the morning. It may also affect the ankles, knees, elbows, wrists and fingers.
Once dismissed as an ailment of the elderly or wealthy, gout is now a growing public health crisis in Malaysia. In Southeast Asia, including in Malaysia, some 4.4 million people suffer from gout. Indeed, statistics show that the number of gout cases rose by 21% from 1990 to 2020.

Historically known as the “Emperor Disease” owing to its connection with lavish diets – with modern eating habits, noting that it is now experienced by all socioeconomic groups.
The increase in consumption of purine-rich foods such as red meats, seafood, and alcoholic beverages raises uric acid levels, causing inflammation. Obesity is also commonly associated with cases of gout, as excess weight can affect kidney function, making it more difficult to eliminate uric acid. Malaysia has one of the highest obesity rates in Asia, with nearly 50% of the population being overweight. Other contributing factors include metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol, in addition to genetics.

One misconception is that gout only affects middle-aged men. While they are at higher risk, women, particularly after menopause, and even children can develop gout.

Left untreated, high uric acid could lead to complications such as kidney disease, infections, and loss of mobility owing to joint inflammation. Ignoring gout can lead to more frequent and severe attacks. As the condition worsens, pain intensifies, flare-ups last longer, and multiple joints may be affected leading to permanent mobility issues.

Those who experience recurrent gout attacks need to seek medical advice, merely treating the pain is not sufficient – long-term lowering of uric acid levels is essential to prevent complications. With early diagnosis, proper treatment, and lifestyle adjustments, Malaysians can prevent this silent epidemic from worsening.

 

Reference: OVA